Understanding Normal and Abnormal Spinal Curves

Understanding Normal (and Abnormal) Spinal Curves

The human spine is uniquely designed to absorb shock, provide flexibility, and support an upright posture- all while housing and protecting our spinal cord. The spine also provides scaffolding to which the rib cage can connect and protect vital organs. A variety of structures contribute to proper spinal function but one of the most crucial components is its spinal curvature. These distinct curves allow for different ranges of motion and the capability to absorb/distribute stress. However, even slight abnormalities to these curves may cause discomfort and symptoms. Dr. Deryk Harting, a member of one of the highest rated auto injury medical care teams in the Tampa Bay area, helps us understand normal and abnormal spinal curves.

When looking at the spine from the side or lateral view, its shape resembles an extended S, with specific curves:

• Cervical curve (neck)
• Thoracic curve (mid back)
• Lumbar curve (lower back)
• Sacral curve (below the lower back)

These curves, known as lordosis (or lordotic curve) and kyphosis (or kyphotic curve), allow the spine to function as a flexible and shock-absorbing structure. The lordotic curve bends inward and the kyphotic curve bends outward. Normal lordotic curves are seen in the cervical spine and lumbar spine while normal kyphotic curves characterize the thoracic spine and sacrum. Kyphosis and lordosis can also be used to describe abnormal spinal curvature which adds confusion. For example, a reduced normal lordotic curve of the neck may be called hypolordotic or kyphotic if the curve is reversed in the opposite direction. All together these curves contribute to the body’s ability to walk, bend, lift, jump, twist, and run without causing damage to the spinal joints and nerves.

Spinal curvature problems can arise from various factors, leading to conditions such as straightening of the cervical spine, kyphosis, excess lordosis, and flatback syndrome. Poor posture, especially from looking down at devices, can contribute to cervical curve issues. Traumatic injuries, like whiplash, can also disrupt these curves. When one curvature is compromised, the entire spine may be affected as other curves try to compensate. This can result in a domino effect causing pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion.

Types of Spinal Curvature Abnormalities:

Kyphosis or hyperkyphosis is an excessive C-shaped curvature of the thoracic spine. The mid back has a natural and normal range of kyphotic curve but when this curve reaches an angle of 40-45 degrees or greater, it is considered abnormal. This condition can arise for unknown reasons, but common causes include osteoporosis, traumatic injury, and postural kyphosis (seen in adolescents and slouching postures). Scheuermann’s kyphosis is another condition commonly seen in adolescents which involves wedge shaped vertebrae and spinal discs causing a greater curve than postural kyphosis which demonstrates normal shaped vertebrae and discs.

Excess Lordosis or hyperlordosis involves too much inward curvature often in the lower back but can develop in the neck. Lumbar hyperlordosis or excess low back curve is commonly called swayback. This condition is linked to traumatic injuries, congenital factors, and excess abdominal weight. Excessive sitting can tighten and shorten muscles that attach to the front of the lower back, pulling it forward and increasing the curve. Other muscular imbalances like weak abdominal muscles and overactive erector spinae (muscles on the back of the lumbar spine) can cause excessive lordosis.

Flatback Syndrome occurs when the spine has lost all its natural curves, leading to a stooped appearance and difficulty standing straight. This is most often a result of spinal fusion surgery, scoliosis correction surgery, or a degenerative condition like ankylosing spondylitis. The term flatback can also be used to describe individuals with decreased lumbar lordosis or a hypolordotic lumbar curve commonly seen in degenerative disc disease or vertebral fractures involving the lower back.

Addressing posture and physical fitness is key to maintaining or improving spinal curvature health. Physical fitness and exercise that promotes an evenly balanced muscular physique and a strong core is paramount for maintaining spinal health. Also, educating children about proper posture and the importance of physical fitness early on can ensure proper spine development. For those already experiencing pain due to abnormal spinal curvature, chiropractors play a vital role in rehabilitating posture through personalized exercises and stretches. They also offer conservative treatments such as spinal adjustments, decompression therapy, and complementary treatments like massage.

In conclusion, understanding and prioritizing your spinal curves are essential for maintaining a healthy and pain free spine. By being mindful of poor posture, staying physically fit, and seeking professional care when needed, individuals can nurture a spine capable of withstanding the challenges of everyday life.

— This article is written by Deryk Harting, DC, one of the members of Chambers Medical Group’s team of car accident chiropractors who offer a variety of treatments and therapies ranging from diagnostic testing to various soft tissue therapies for car accidents and injuries in Florida.

Have you been in a car accident? If you or somebody you know has been in a car accident, be sure that you seek medical attention from a car accident doctor or car accident chiropractor to treat your injuries. Visit Chambers Medical Group  to receive world-class medical treatment for your injuries.

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